Detailed Guide on Fertilizing Avocado Trees for Superior Yield and Enhanced Fruit Quality

Are you looking to improve the quality of your crops to increase your income this harvest season? Join Baconco in exploring the effective fertilization process in the article below!

Why is it necessary to fertilize avocado trees correctly?

Avocado 034 is a variety originating from Lam Dong, known for its high creaminess and fat content, thick flesh, small seed, thin skin, and smooth, shiny green outer shell. Avocado 034 thrives in tropical climates and suitable soil conditions.

Proper fertilization of avocado trees is crucial for many reasons, directly affecting their growth, development, yield, and quality. It helps increase both the yield and quality of the fruit, enhances the tree's resistance, and improves soil quality. Most importantly, it ensures that the tree receives the right amount of nutrients for healthy growth.

Conversely, improper fertilization can lead to many negative consequences, such as poor growth, stunting, susceptibility to pests and diseases, low yield and poor fruit quality.

Nutritional needs of avocado trees

Nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) are the most important nutrients for avocado trees. Calcium plays a significant role in preventing root diseases and enhancing fruit quality. Additionally, farmers should pay attention to applying trace elements of B and Zn to improve fruit set and increase yield. Fertilize according to the tree's needs to minimize soil and water pollution.

Avocado trees can be grown in various soil types but are best suited to red basalt soil, with a thick cultivation layer, good drainage, high organic matter, and a soil pH ideally between 5 and 6. Fertilization is very important for avocado trees because they extract a significant amount of nutrients from the soil.

According to Avilon (1986), with an avocado yield of 1,438 kg/ha takes approximately 40 kg of N, 25 kg of P₂O₅, 60 kg of K₂O, 11.2 kg of CaO, and 9.2 kg of MgO. Young, non-bearing trees need NPK in a 1:1:1 ratio, while mature fruit-bearing trees require a 2:1:2 ratio.

Fertilization process for high-yield avocado trees

FLOWER AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT STAGE

First application: When flower buds are bright and uniform:

• Apply 3 kg of organic fertilizer ORGANICONCO + foliar spray COFOLI CALIMAG (450ml) + COBIO ROOT (250ml) per 200 liters of water.
• Water to maintain moisture.

Second application: 15 days and 30 days after flower buds appear:

• Supplement with 0.5 kg of NPK Con Cò BASEOS 20-10-10+6S+0.045B per tree + foliar spray COFOLI CALIMAG (450ml) + COBIO ROOT (250ml) per 200 liters of water.
• Water to maintain moisture.

To help the leaves mature quickly, 45 days after flower buds appear, farmers need to:

• Apply 0.5 kg of CON CÒ NPK 7-7-14 +12S+7Ca+0.045B + foliar fertilizers COFOLI AMINO (450ml) + COFOLI PK500 (450ml) + THE RICE STAR.
• Water to maintain moisture.

To strengthen the pollen grains, 55 days after flower buds appear, farmers need to:

• Apply 200 g of kalibo per tree + spray COFOLI Bmo (250ml) + COFOLI PK500 (450ml) + SUPER ARMOR (300 g) per 200 liters of water + thrips pesticide (PERKILL).
• Reduce the amount of water for irrigation.

FRUIT DEVELOPMENT STAGE

7 days after fruit set:

• Apply 3 kg of ORGANICONCO + 0.5 kg of NPK Con Cò BASEOS 20-10-10 + spray COFOLI CALIMAG (250ml) + COFOLI Bor 150 (250ml) + thrips pesticide (PERKILL).
• Water to maintain moisture.

To help avocado 034 grow quickly and elongate the fruit, farmers should pay attention to three key timings:

First application at 15 days after fruit set, farmers should:

• Supplement with 0.5 kg of NPK Con Cò BASEOS 20-10-10 per tree + spray COFOLI CALIMAG (450ml) + COFOLI Bor 150 (250ml) per 200 liters + thrips pesticide (PERKILL).
• Water to maintain moisture.

Second application (at 30 days) and third application (at 45 days after fruit set), the dosage is the same:

• Supplement with 0.5 kg of NPK Con Cò BASEOS 20-10-10 per tree + spray COFOLI CALIMAG (450ml) + THE RICE STAR (125ml) per 200 liters of water + rice stem borer (RATOIN).
• Water to maintain moisture.

To help avocados grow larger and heavier, farmers need to care for the plants 60 days after fruit set with the following dosage:

• Supplemental fertilization: 1kg CON CÒ NPK 7-7-14 +12S+7Ca+0.045B/tree + Foliar spray COFOLI MAX36 (250ml) + K300 (450ml) + THE RICE STAR (250ml)/200 liters of water.
• Water to maintain moisture.

Some supplementary techniques to increase yield and fruit quality

In addition to proper fertilization, the following supplementary techniques also play an important role in increasing avocado yield and quality:

Proper watering:

• Provide sufficient water: Avocado trees need water, especially during flowering, fruit set, and fruit development. However, avoid overwatering, which can cause root rot.
• Irrigation methods: Drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation are effective methods that save water.
• Monitor soil moisture: Regularly check soil moisture to adjust the amount of water applied accordingly.

Pruning and shaping:

• Remove weak branches and diseased branches: This helps the tree focus nutrients on healthy branches, increasing yield.
• Create a balanced canopy: Ensure sunlight evenly reaches the tree canopy, helping the tree photosynthesize better.
• Post-harvest pruning: This helps the tree recover quickly and prepare for the next growing season.

Supplemental pollination:

• Hand pollination: For avocado varieties that are difficult to pollinate naturally, hand pollination can be done to increase fruit set rates.
• Bee keeping: Place beehives in the avocado orchard to assist with pollination.

Pest and disease control:

• Regular monitoring: Early detection of pest and disease signs allows for timely intervention.
• Use integrated pest management: Prioritize biological control methods and limit the use of pesticides.
• Keep the orchard clean: Remove weeds and fallen leaves to reduce the risk of pest and disease development.

Fruit bagging:

• Protecting fruit from pests and insects: Especially during the early fruit stage.
• Minimizing the impact of weather: Reducing fruit cracking and sunburn.
• Enhancing fruit quality: Attractive fruit with fewer scars.

Using growth regulators:

• Stimulating flowering and fruit set: Increasing yield.
• Increasing fruit size: Improving market quality.
• Note: Use the correct type, dosage, and timing according to the guidance of agricultural technicians.

Soil covering:

• Maintaining soil moisture: Reducing irrigation needs.
• Limiting weeds: Decreasing nutrient competition with avocado trees.
• Improving soil structure: Increasing soil fertility.

By combining these techniques with appropriate fertilization, avocado growers can enhance both yield and fruit quality, resulting in higher economic efficiency.

We hope that the detailed guide on avocado fertilization from Baconco has provided you with useful knowledge to achieve outstanding yields and improve fruit quality. Baconco wishes everyone a bountiful harvest!